| Recent
Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation
ISSN: 1872-2113
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery
& Formulation
Volume 1, Number 3, November
2007
Contents
Liposomal Drug Delivery: Recent Patents and Emerging
Opportunities Pp. 185-194
Murray S. Webb, Patrick Rebstein, Wendy Lamson and Marcel
B. Bally
[Abstract]
Microstructured Devices for Transdermal Drug Delivery
and Minimally-Invasive Patient Monitoring Pp. 195-200
Ryan F. Donnelly, Anthony Morrissey, Paul A. McCarron
and David A. Woolfson
[Abstract]
New Aspects in Sustained Drug Release Formulations
Pp. 201-213
Dimitrios Bikiaris, Efthimios Koutris and Evangelos Karavas
[Abstract]
Recent Advances in Drug Delivery: Potential and Limitations
of Carbon Nanotubes Pp. 214-221
Satya Prakash and Arun G. Kulamarva
[Abstract]
Recent Approaches for Colon Drug Delivery
Pp. 222-229
Gurpreet Kaur, Subheet Jain and A.K. Tiwary
[Abstract]
Recent Developments in Oral Bait Vaccines for Wildlife
Pp. 230-235
Cristina Ballesteros, José Manuel Pérez
de la Lastra and José de la Fuente
[Abstract]
An Overview of Recent Patents on Oral Osmotic Drug
Delivery Systems Pp. 236-255
Pramod Kumar and Brahmeshwar Mishra
[Abstract]
Patent Selections Pp. 256-259
Abstracts
[Back to top]
Liposomal Drug Delivery: Recent Patents and
Emerging Opportunities
Murray S. Webb, Patrick Rebstein, Wendy Lamson and Marcel
B. Bally
It is challenging to develop innovative, as well as commercially
viable, lipid-based drug delivery systems for the treatment
of cancer because of the breadth of existing intellectual
property that limits freedom-to-operate. For example, novel
compositions can be described in which a new chemical entity
is associated with a lipid based carrier, but if the loading
method or components of the lipid compositions are proprietary
then the ability to develop novel compositions will require
access to the appropriate intellectual property. We believe
it is useful to present a review of the patent literature
describing novel liposomal drug delivery systems given by
parenteral administration to humans for the treatment of serious
medical conditions such as cancer. This review is intended
to: (i) identify and describe novel approaches that have recently
been protected by US or international patents and patent applications,
and; (ii) identify founding technology in the field which
is recently off-patent, thus presenting emerging opportunities
for the development of new therapeutic options for patients.
Issued patents, and selected patent applications, having publication
dates in 2005 or 2006 were retrieved from searches of the
US, European, German, Japanese, INPADOC and WIPO PCT databases.
Liposomal delivery systems patented for systemic administration
in the treatment of human medical conditions were reviewed
in detail.
[Back to top]
Microstructured Devices for Transdermal Drug Delivery
and Minimally-Invasive Patient Monitoring
Ryan F. Donnelly, Anthony Morrissey, Paul A. McCarron
and David A. Woolfson
Transdermal drug delivery offers certain advantages over conventional
oral or parenteral administration. However, the excellent
barrier function of the skin, accomplished almost entirely
by the stratum corneum, restricts the number of drug
substances that can be administered transdermally to those
with very specific physicochemical properties. Several approaches
have been used to enhance the transport of drugs through the
stratum corneum. However, in many cases, only moderate
success has been achieved and each approach is associated
with significant problems. Microstructured devices, consisting
of a plurality of microprojections attached to a support,
can be used to painlessly bypass the stratum corneum
barrier and thus achieve successful transdermal delivery.
Moreover, microprojection devices also enable minimally-invasive
sampling and monitoring of biological fluids. Much activity
is currently focussed in this area. Accordingly, this article
deals with the innovations pertaining to microprojection-based
devices for transdermal drug delivery and minimally-invasive
monitoring as disclosed in recent patent literature.
[Back to top]
New Aspects in Sustained Drug Release Formulations
Dimitrios Bikiaris, Efthimios Koutris and Evangelos Karavas
Nowadays, pharmaceutical technology and research for new drugs
and formulations is of great importance, as scientists attempt
to discover even more revolutionary and efficient methods
to treat various diseases. At the same time the correct dosing
and site targeting are equally important for clinical success.
Research in sustained drug release systems is very promising
towards such a direction, while it offers advantages and potential
rewards contrary to traditional therapy. The drug plasma concentrations
remain inside the therapeutic range for a longer time period
compared to the conventional formulations. In addition, sustained
release formulations may increase the likelihood for the patient
to respond to the therapy, since drug formulations are generally
characterized by one daily given dose. The rate at which a
drug is released from a sustained-release formulation depends
upon many factors, while excipients play the most important
role. Most sustained release formulations are based on biodegradable
polymers in the form of a drug-encapsulating matrix or membrane.
Examples range from monolithic devices, polymer-coated capsules
and implant devices, hydrogels, to injectable systems based
on suspensions of micro-, nanospheres or polymer solutions
[1-5]. The advantages and disadvantages of these different
formulation systems are being extensively discussed in the
present review.
[Back to top]
Recent Advances in Drug Delivery: Potential and Limitations
of Carbon Nanotubes
Satya Prakash and Arun G. Kulamarva
Outstanding progress has been made in drug delivery approaches.
However, challenges still exist in delivering clinically optimal
levels of therapeutic molecules. Advances in nanotechnology
and nanomedicine have heralded the advent of several innovative
nanomaterials which are set to revolutionize the field of
drug delivery. Carbon nanotubes are one such novel class of
nanomaterials that are gaining increasing attention. They
have been modified with several molecules of therapeutic interest.
Excellent progress has been made in harnessing the potential
of carbon nanotubes for several drug delivery and other applications.
Functionalized carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated to
deliver proteins, nucleic acids, drugs, antibodies and other
therapeutics. Emerging developments in this area are pointing
towards the successful utilization of carbon nanotubes for
drug delivery. This review presents a comprehensive summary
of the recent patents in carbon nanotube mediated drug delivery
systems, their clinical significance, limitations and future
prospects.
[Back to top]
Recent Approaches for Colon Drug Delivery
Gurpreet Kaur, Subheet Jain and A.K. Tiwary
Colon delivery is especially required for drugs intended to
act locally or for drugs that exhibit maximum systemic absorption
from the colon. However, exposure to extreme pH conditions,
gastric enzymes, bile salts and variation in gastric emptying
makes the development of colon release dosage forms extremely
challenging.
The approaches generally used for formulating a colon release
dosage form include use of pH dependent release polymers,
time-release coatings, prodrugs and biodegradable polymers.
Although, considerable choice exists while selecting a pH
dependent release polymer, the drug release from these polymers
is easily influenced by nature of diet and disease. In addition,
while these polymers may prevent drug release in stomach (pH
1-3) and proximal small intestine (pH 6.5), the drug may be
prematurely released in vivo in lower small intestine
(pH 7.5). Similarly, variation in gastric transit time due
to nature of diet and severity of disease often lead to reduced
performance of time-release based colon delivery dosage forms.
Therefore, new approaches are continuously being evaluated
to ensure compliance with requirement of colon release and
to reduce the variation in their performance. This article
is aimed at studying the recent patents with a view to unveil
new concepts being put into use for designing colon release
dosage forms.
[Back to top]
Recent Developments in Oral Bait Vaccines for Wildlife
Cristina Ballesteros, José Manuel Pérez
de la Lastra and José de la Fuente
The vaccination of wildlife reservoirs of infection is important
for effective disease control programs and usually requires
the use of oral vaccines. Current inventions in the field
of oral baits for the immunization of wildlife cover effective
vaccine compositions, vaccine containers to deliver the vaccine
orally to target species, and baits that specifically attract
the target species. Oral bait vaccine formulations need to
provide an effective field performance, safety, cost-effectiveness,
less waste, and improved environmental compliance. Herein,
we review recent patents in oral bait vaccine formulations
for the immunization of wildlife and particularly of terrestrial
wild mammals. Recent progress in this field suggests that
the application of oral bait vaccines to wildlife will impact
disease control in the near future.
[Back to top]
An Overview of Recent Patents on Oral Osmotic Drug
Delivery Systems
Pramod Kumar and Brahmeshwar Mishra
In recent years, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been
recognized as an attractive niche for the pharmaceutical and
health industry. Among various NDDS, osmotic drug delivery
systems (ODDS) are most interesting and widely applicable.
Osmotic drug delivery system use osmotic pressure for controlled
delivery of active agent(s). Drug delivery from these systems,
to a large extent is independent of the physiological factors
of gastrointestinal tract. ODDS have matured from their use
with laboratory animals to most reliable controlled release
systems for humans. Most of the knowledge about ODDS is found
in patents, which are difficult to read, analyze and judge
because of their peculiar style in which they are written.
Santus and Baker [1] reviewed ODDS patents up to year 1993;
this review article gives an overview of ODDS patents from
year 1994 to 2006.
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